His true identity remains unknown. Theories have suggested he was a Syrian monk, or possibly the Georgian theologian Peter the Iberian, but no definitive evidence has surfaced. Despite this anonymity, or perhaps because of it, his powerful synthesis of Christian doctrine and Neoplatonic metaphysics created a profound legacy that would dominate Western spirituality for nearly a thousand years.

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Cataphatic theology makes positive assertions about God (e.g., "God is love"). Apophatic theology denies these descriptions because God surpasses them (e.g., "God is beyond love"). Dionysius argues that negation is a truer path to the divine.