The trajectory of human civilization points toward an expanding circle of empathy. While achieving absolute animal rights remains a distant societal goal, steady advancements in animal welfare act as vital stepping stones.

The philosopher Bernard Rollin called this the "social contract for animals." Most humans agree on the extremes (brutal, sadistic torture is wrong). But they disagree radically on the middle (is factory farming a form of sadistic torture?).

The welfare model is politically achievable. It doesn't demand a radical restructuring of the economy or diet. It works incrementally, passing laws that ban the worst cruelties while respecting existing industries. It has genuine teeth—farmers can be fined or imprisoned for violating welfare codes.

The treatment of animals varies greatly across different industries and contexts. While some animals are cherished as beloved pets, others are subjected to inhumane conditions and cruel practices.