: The vertical line extending below the real body, marking the session's lowest price.

However, for the or the hardcore cycle analyst , it is a Rosetta Stone. It connects the visual art of Japanese rice trading with the mathematical science of Western volume analysis.

The book provides exhaustive case studies on differentiating a minor market pullback from a major structural reversal. Shimizu highlights specific candle clusters that signal when institutional money is quietly exiting or entering a market.

A recurring and fascinating theme throughout the book is the importance of the number three in Japanese charting. According to Seiki Shimizu, the Japanese believe that the number three possesses a . This is why so many candlestick patterns, from the "Three White Soldiers" (a strong bullish reversal) to the "Three Black Crows" (a strong bearish reversal), are built upon a sequence of three candles. Understanding this cultural and philosophical concept is key to mastering the logic behind many of the techniques Shimizu presents.