: A Swiss court ruled that the Protocols were a forgery, describing them as "ridiculous nonsense."
Istorijska istraživanja su utvrdila da su "Protokoli" nastali u Rusiji na samom kraju 19. veka, najverovatnije između 1897. i 1902. doine. Glavni tvorac ovog falsifikata bila je — tajna policija Ruske Imperije pod carom Nikolajem II. protokoli sionskih mudraca pdf
In August 1921, Philip Graves, a journalist for The Times of London, discovered the primary source used to forge the Protocols. He proved that the text was largely plagiarized from a 1864 political satire written by French attorney Maurice Joly titled The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu . Joly’s original work was a critique of Napoleon III and contained absolutely no mention of Jewish people. The Russian secret police simply copied large portions of Joly's book, substituting the original political targets with anti-Semitic tropes. The Berne Trial (1934–1935) : A Swiss court ruled that the Protocols